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    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>
          KE022 Excess Mortality: Surveillance Episodes Datasets
        </titl>
        <IDNo>
          KE022-EXMORTALITY-01
        </IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <rspStmt>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Agincourt">
          Prof Steve Tollman
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Agincourt">
          Prof Kathleen Khan
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Agincourt">
          Dr Chodziwadziwa Kabudula
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="SAPRIN">
          Dr Kobus Herbst
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Nyanja Health Research Institute">
          Dr Beth Tippett-Barr
        </AuthEnty>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <producer/>
        <copyright>
          @2023
        </copyright>
        <software version="4.0.10" date="2018-05-02">
          Nesstar Publisher
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    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>
          KE022 Excess Mortality: Surveillance Episodes Datasets
        </titl>
        <IDNo>
          KE022-EXMORTALITY-01
        </IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <rspStmt>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Agincourt">
          Prof Steve Tollman
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Agincourt">
          Prof Kathleen Khan
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="SAPRIN">
          Dr Kobus Herbst
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Agincourt">
          Dr Chodziwadziwa Kabudula
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Nyanja Health Research Institute">
          Dr Beth Tippett-Barr
        </AuthEnty>
        <othId role="Data Review" affiliation="Agincourt">
          <p>
            SAMRC/Wits Agincourt Team
          </p>
        </othId>
        <othId role="Data Review And QA" affiliation="SAPRIN">
          <p>
            Kobus Herbst
          </p>
        </othId>
        <othId role="Reviews" affiliation="CHAMPS">
          <p>
            CHAMPS Team
          </p>
        </othId>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <producer affiliation="Agincourt" role="Technical Assistance">
          Chodziwadziwa Kabudula
        </producer>
        <producer affiliation="SAPRIN" role="Technical Assistance">
          Kobus Herbst
        </producer>
        <producer affiliation="Agincourt" role="Technical Assistance">
          Daniel Ohene-Kwofie
        </producer>
        <producer affiliation="Agincourt" role="Technical Assistance">
          Jean Bashingwa
        </producer>
        <producer affiliation="Agincourt" role="Technical Assistance">
          Nkosinathi Masilela
        </producer>
        <producer affiliation="Agincourt" role="Technical Assistance">
          Rhulani Silaule
        </producer>
        <copyright>
          This dataset documentation is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. The dataset is shared in terms of the data-use agreement accepted at the time of data download.
        </copyright>
        <software version="4.0.10" date="2018-05-02">
          Nesstar Publisher
        </software>
        <fundAg abbr="BMGF" role="Current Funder">
          <![CDATA[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA  ]]>
        </fundAg>
        <fundAg abbr="SAPRIN" role="Current Funder">
          South African Population Research Infrastructure Network, South Africa
        </fundAg>
        <fundAg abbr="Wellcome" role="Previous Funder">
          Wellcome Trust, UK
        </fundAg>
      </prodStmt>
      <distStmt>
        <contact affiliation="Agincourt" URI="http://data.agincourt.ac.za/" email="chodziwadziwa.kabudula@wits.ac.za">
          Chodziwadziwa Kabudula
        </contact>
      </distStmt>
      <serStmt>
        <serName>
          Demographic Surveillance
        </serName>
        <serInfo>
          <![CDATA[This dataset contains  demographic surveillance data covering the period from 1 Jan 2015 to 31 December 2021.]]>
        </serInfo>
      </serStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version date="2023-06-01">
          v1: Dataset for public distribution.
        </version>
        <notes>
          <![CDATA[v1:  Dataset for public distribution.]]>
        </notes>
      </verStmt>
      <notes>
        This dataset was produced by the South African Population Research Infrastructure Network (SAPRIN), funded by the national Department of Science and Technology and hosted by the South African Medical Research Council.
      </notes>
    </citation>
    <stdyInfo>
      <subject>
        <keyword>
          Episodes, Mortality, Migration
        </keyword>
        <topcClas>
          Episodes, Mortality, Migration
        </topcClas>
      </subject>
      <abstract>
        <![CDATA[Following the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, there have been high levels of reported deaths, at least in countries with functioning civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS). These largely under-represent the true mortality due to COVID-19. A fundamental question, then, is what is the impact of COVID-19 on mortality and the scale of excess deaths, and the population sub-groups most affected, particularly in low- and middle-income settings? Constructing a true representation of COVID-19 deaths can be useful for social policies and future pandemic preparedness planning. The goal of this initiative is to characterise all-cause mortality rates and trends, by age and sex, across a range of rural and urban sub-Saharan African and South Asian settings under continuous health and demographic surveillance. 

This a multinational initiative bringing together 17 sites/centres from Africa and South Asia. This dataset represents a snapshot of the continually evolving data in the underlying longitudinal databases maintained by the nodes.]]>
      </abstract>
      <sumDscr>
        <timePrd date="2015-01-01" event="start" cycle="Agincourt"/>
        <timePrd date="2021-12-31" event="end" cycle="Agincourt"/>
        <collDate date="2015-01-01" event="start" cycle="Agincourt"/>
        <collDate date="2021-12-31" event="end" cycle="Agincourt"/>
        <nation abbr="KEN">
          Kenya
        </nation>
        <geogCover>
          <![CDATA[The Manyatta  HDSS is an urban HDSS established in Manyatta in 2016 for CHAMPS. As of 2018, it covered 77 000 people in 5 km2]]>
        </geogCover>
        <anlyUnit>
          Exposure Episodes
        </anlyUnit>
        <universe>
          Households resident in dwellings within the study area will be eligible for inclusion in the surveillance. All individuals identified by the household proxy informant as a member of the household will be enumerated. A resident household member is an individual that intends to sleep the majority of time at the dwelling occupied by the household over a four-month period. Households will include resident and non-resident members. An individual is a non-resident member if they have close ties to the household, but do not physically reside with the household most of the time. They can also be called temporary migrants and they are enumerated within the household list. Because household membership is not tied to physical residency, an individual may be a member of more than one household.
        </universe>
        <dataKind>
          Event history data
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      <notes>
        <![CDATA[Each record in the dataset represents a period of observation for an individual during which all the recorded characteristics of the individual stay constant. For example, on the birthday of the individual a new episode will start,  because the age of the individual has changed. An out-migration will result in a new episode, because the location or residential status has changed. Any change in one of the status values, such as education or marital status, will likewise result in a new episode on the date of the change.]]>
      </notes>
    </stdyInfo>
    <method>
      <dataColl>
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          2015-2021
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        <sampProc>
          This dataset is not based on a sample but contains information from the complete demographic surveillance areas.
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        <resInstru>
          The data on this Repository is not the result of a single questionnaire but is a result of harmonised data from three different sites longitudinally collected over more than twenty years using different questionnaires that varied over time and site.
        </resInstru>
        <sources/>
        <collSitu>
          <![CDATA[In all the HDSS nodes, data are collected from a household proxy respondent, preferably the head of household or any next available senior adult resident household member, after informed consent was obtained by trained fieldworkers. Respondents are informed of the purpose and confidentiality of the interview, their right to refuse participation or withdraw from the study, and that scientists would be given access to anonymised data to analyse and publish information.]]>
        </collSitu>
        <cleanOps>
          <![CDATA[The first step in the data preparation process is quality assurance. The Data Management hub team assess the data submitted to ensure it is in the correct format and falls within expected value ranges. Other potential issues checked include: missing data, incorrect data types, unexpected duplicate or orphan records. The principle of the data quality checks is that if the data conversion conducted by the nodes was complete and accurate, there should be little or no difference in the data quality and demographic indicators between the base and versions of the nodal data. If the data submitted by the nodes meets the criteria for inclusion into the consolidated dataset the data moves to the second step of the data production process. However, if the data fail the inclusion checks, this could then lead to another iteration of data submission and quality control checks until Data Management hub is satisfied that they have high quality data.]]>
        </cleanOps>
      </dataColl>
      <anlyInfo>
        <EstSmpErr>
          Not Applicable
        </EstSmpErr>
      </anlyInfo>
    </method>
    <dataAccs>
      <setAvail>
        <accsPlac/>
      </setAvail>
      <useStmt>
        <contact affiliation="Agincourt" URI="http://data.agincourt.ac.za/" email="datamanager@agincourt.co.za">
          Data Manager
        </contact>
        <conditions>
          <![CDATA[This data is made available for access under the following conditions:
1)The data and other materials provided will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of nodes.
2)The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organisations. The Data User will neither use nor permit    others to use the data in any way other than listed in the original application (Analysis Plan) for access to the dataset.
3)No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery should immediately be reported to respective nodes.
4)No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided, or among data from nodes and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5)The Data User will ensure that the data are kept in a secured environment and that only authorized users have access to the data.
6)Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ this data will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
7)An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to nodes.
8)The original collector of the data, and relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
9) Once the data set has served its indicated purpose it must be destroyed. If the dataset needs to be lodged for publication purposes, a reference (a digital object identifier will be maintained for this purpose) to the original dataset on the Agincourt/other nodal data repository should be used. Derived or aggregated datasets produced from the original dataset do not fall within this provision and may be lodged as publication datasets. If the same dataset is needed for a different purpose, the dataset should be re-requested and the new purposes indicated.]]>
        </conditions>
        <disclaimer>
          The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for the data's use or interpretation or inferences based upon it.
        </disclaimer>
      </useStmt>
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